CCUS技术对我国电力行业低碳转型的意义与挑战
摘要：在过去30年，我国电力行业发展迅速，一定程度上已经解决了效率与清洁问题，而落实“双碳”目标又对我国电力行业提出了低碳发展的要求。提高能源利用效率，提升零碳能源及碳中性能源占比，配备碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage，CCUS)技术是实现电力行业碳减排的3条重要途径。基于电力系统碳中和公式，分析了2000—2020年我国电力行业的碳减排历程及不同途径的碳减排贡献，并阐述了我国CCUS技术发展现状及路线。结果表明：2000—2011年，提高含碳能源利用效率为电力行业的碳减排做出了主要贡献；2011年以后，零碳能源占比的提升对电力行业碳减排的贡献更大。电力行业若要实现碳中和的目标，在化石能源不能被完全替代的情况下，CCUS技术是不可或缺的。目前，CCUS技术的成本及捕集能耗过高是阻碍其推广的主要原因，燃料源头捕集技术实现了能量的梯级利用和碳组分的富集，降低了CO2的捕集能耗，相较于目前主流的碳捕集技术，燃料源头碳捕集系统的效率普遍可以提高5~8个百分点。
Abstract:In the past three decades, China’s power industry has developed rapidly and solved the problem of efficiency and cleanliness to a certain extent. However, the implementation of the “double carbon” target has put forward the requirements of low carbon development for China’s power industry. Improving energy utilization efficiency, increasing the proportion of zero-carbon energy and carbon-neutral energy, and equipping carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology are three important ways to achieve carbon emission reduction in the power industry. Based on the carbon neutral formula of power system, the carbon emission reduction history of China’s power industry and the carbon emission reduction contribution of different pathways between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed, and the current situation and routes of CCUS technology development in China were described. The results show that between 2000 and 2011, improving the efficiency of carbon-containing energy utilization made the main contribution to carbon emission reduction in the power industry, and after 2011, the increase of the proportion of zero-carbon energy contributed more to carbon emission reduction in the power industry. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the power industry, CCUS technology is indispensable when the fossil energy cannot be completely replaced. Currently, the high cost and energy consumption of CCUS technology are the main reasons that hinder its promotion. The fuel source capture technology realizes the graded utilization of energy and the enrichment of carbon components, which reduces the energy consumption of CO2 capture, and the efficiency of fuel source carbon capture system can generally be improved by 5 to 8 percentage points compared with the current mainstream carbon capture technology.
标题：CCUS技术对我国电力行业低碳转型的意义与挑战
title:Significance and Challenges of CCUS Technology for Low-carbon Transformation of China’s Power Industry
作者：董瑞, 高林, 何松, 杨东泰
authors:Rui DONG, Lin GAO, Song HE, Dongtai YANG
关键词：“双碳”目标,碳中和,碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS),电力系统,碳排放强度,
keywords:“double carbon” target,carbon neutrality,carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS),power system,carbon emission intensity,
发表日期：2022-08-31
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