文档名：1948年首届中央研究院工程学科院士遴选述略
摘要：李协、淩鸿勋、唐炳源、茅以升、王宠佑先后当选中央研究院1935年首届和1940年第二届工程学科聘任评议员,与当然评议员周仁组成评议会工程组"指导联络奖励"工程学科的发展.院士选举过程中,无论是茅以升、淩鸿勋提名候选人还是中央研究院最终确定的参考名单,与正式提名名单相比差距甚大,缺漏甚多,显现出个人提名与机构提名的不同.工程学科正式提名55人名列所有学科中第一,经两次淘汰,王宠佑等11人成为正式候选人,最终周仁、侯德榜、茅以升、淩鸿勋、萨本栋5人当选.当选比例低于总体当选率,也低于数理组其他学科,在一定意义上表明工程学科总体水平未能获得学界共同认可.从聘任评议员到院士选举,相对工程事业而言,更注重学术成就,在一定意义上也说明科学院之外设立工程院的合理性,将纯粹的学术与实践的事业予以区分.
Abstract：TheinitialtwotermsofappointedcouncilorsthroughelectionsoftheCouncilofAcademiaSinicahadthesameeligibilitycriteriaasthefirsttermofacademicianelections.LiXie(LiYizhi),LingHongxun(H.H.Ling),andTangBingyuanweresuccessivelyelectedasappointedcouncilorsoftheEngineeringDisciplineinthefirstcouncilofAcademiaSinicaformedin1935,collaboratingwiththeexofficiocouncilorZhouRen(JenChow)toguideandfacilitatethedevelopmentoftheengineeringsciencethrough"Direction,Connection,andRewards".AfterLiXiepassedaway,MaoYisheng(T.E.Mao)waselectedin1939tosucceedhim.LingHongxun,MaoYisheng,andWangChongyou(WangChungyu)wereelectedin1940forthesecondtermoftheEngineeringCounciland,alongwithZhouRen,activelyparticipatedintheselectionofthefirsttermofacademicians.Duringtheacademicianelectionprocess,whetheritwasthecandidatesnominatedbyMaoYishengandLingHongxunorthefinalreferencelistdeterminedbytheAcademiaSinica,therewasasignificantdiscrepancycomparedtotheofficialnominationlist,withmanyomissions,highlightingthedifferencesbetweenindividualandinstitutionalnominations.With55nominees,theEngineeringDisciplinerankedfirstamongthe24involveddisciplines,whichononehandindicatesthebroadscopeoftheEngineeringfieldwithalargenumberofresearchers,allowingforawiderrangeofnominationscomparedtootherdisciplines.Ontheotherhand,italsodemonstratesacertainlackofconsensuswithintheengineeringcommunity.Aftertworoundsofelimination,11officialcandidatesincludingWangChongyou,WangHuzhen,ZhouRen,ShiJiayang,HouDebang(T.P.Hou),MaoYisheng,LingHongxun,ChengXiaogang,CaiFangyin(Fang-YinTsai),SaBendong(A.Pen-tungSah),andLuoZhongchenwereshortlisted,withaneliminationrateof80%,nearly10%higherthantheoverallrateacrossalldisciplines.Finally,ZhouRen,HouDebang,MaoYisheng,LingHongxun,andSaBendongwereelected,withalowerelectionratethantheoverallrateandotherdisciplinesintheDivisionofMathematicsandPhysicalSciences.ThenumberofofficialcandidatesandthefinalelectionratiosomewhatdemonstratesthattheoveralldevelopmentleveloftheEngineeringdisciplineduringtheRepublicofChinaeradidnotreceiveunanimousrecognitionfromtheacademiccommunity.Certainly,theprocessfromtheofficialnominationstotheshortlistedcandidates,andthentothefinallistofelectedindividuals,alsocharacterizesthedevelopmentalstateofthevarioussub-disciplineswithinEngineeringtosomeextent.Thetransitionfromappointedcouncilorstoacademicianssuggestsagreateremphasisonacademicachievementsoverengineeringaccomplishments,underscoringtherationaleforestablishingaseparateEngineeringAcademydistinctfromthepurelyacademicfocusoftheScienceAcademy.
作者：张剑Author：ZhangJian
作者单位：上海社会科学院历史研究所,上海200235
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：N91
关键词：工程 评议员 院士选举 中央研究院
Keywords：engineering councilors academicianelection CouncilofAcademiaSinica
机标分类号：G316C961N092:G322.9
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：1948年首届中央研究院工程学科院士遴选述略[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)张剑李协、淩鸿勋、唐炳源、茅以升、王宠佑先后当选中央研究院1935年首届和1940年第二届工程学科聘任评议员,与当然评议员周仁组成评议会工程组"指导联络奖励"工程学科的发展.院士选举过程中,无论是茅以升、淩鸿勋提名候选人还是...参考文献和引证文献
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1948年首届中央研究院工程学科院士遴选述略 An Overview of the Election Process for the First Academicians in the Engineering of Academia Sinica in 1948
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