文档名：从知识传入到工业实践近代江南制造局译书中的炼锌知识及在湖南水口山的早期应用
摘要：由于锌的冶炼难度高,其冶炼技术在世界范围内出现较晚.我国虽是世界上较早掌握炼锌技术的国家,但近代西方炼锌技术后来居上,洋务派通过翻译西学书籍引进西方部分先进的技术知识,其中《金石识别》《宝藏兴焉》《矿学考质》三本译书对锌的冶炼技术有详细介绍.本文通过对上述三本译书的文本分析,厘清了近代西方传入中国的三种炼锌技术知识及其与中国传统炼锌技术知识的差异;通过梳理史料,还原了西式炼锌知识引入后在中国第一座西法炼锌厂——湖南水口山西法炼锌厂的应用及其技术选择;最后讨论了影响炼锌技术知识早期应用的若干因素.
Abstract：Chinaistheearliercountryintheworldtomasterzincsmeltingtechnology,thereisarecordofzincsmeltingtechnologyinTiangongKaiwuin1637.Sincethe18thcentury,thezincsmeltingtechnologyinEuropehadbecomemoreadvancedthanChina,andtherehadbeenmorepopularBritishzincsmeltingmethod,BelgianzincsmeltingmethodandSilesianmethod.Inthelate19thcentury,thesetechnicalknowledgebegantobetranslatedintoChinabytheTranslationDepartmentofKiangnanArsenal.Duringthisperiod,Chinahadalwaysappliedthetraditionalmethodofzincsmelting.Itwasnotuntil1934,nearlyhalfacenturyaftertheintroductionofthisknowledge,thatthefirstzincrefineryusingtheWesternmethodwasbuiltinChina.Themainquestionstobeinvestigatedinthispaperarethefollowing:ThroughwhatmediumwastheknowledgeofWesternzincrefiningintroducedintoChina?Whatknowledgewasintroduced?WasthoseknowledgerelatedtothefirstpracticalapplicationofWesternzincrefiningtechnologyinChina?ByanalyzingthetranslatedtextsofthetranslationsofKiangnanArsenalandsortingoutthehistoricalmaterials,itcanbeconcludedthatthethreetranslatedbooks,namelyJinshiShibie,BaozangXingyan,andKuangxueKaozhi,systematicallyintroducedthreekindsofzincsmeltingtechnicalknowledgepopularintheWestatthattime,amongwhichBaozangXingyanisthemostdetailedandsystematic.Intermsoftheefficiencyofzincrefining,allthreewesterntechnologiesaremoreefficientthanthetraditionalChinesezincrefiningtechnology.ThearticlealsoprovidesapreliminaryreconstructionoftheapplicationofthoseknowledgeinthefirstWestern-stylezincrefineryinChina,theShuikoushanWestern-styleZincRefineryinHunanprovince.SeveralattemptsofwesternzincrefininghadbeenmadeinHunan,butallwereunsuccessful.Itwasnotuntil1934thatRaoshi,thechiefengineeroftheShuikoushanWestern-styleZincRefineryinHunan,succeededinrealizingtheWesternmethodofzincrefiningafteranumberoftrials,andthetechnologyhechosewastheBelgiantechnology.TheShuikoushanWestern-styleZincRefineryhasthefollowingcharacteristics:Firstly,ithasaveryprominentfeatureofthelocalizationinthepracticeofknowledge,comparedwithotherindustriesthatdirectlypurchasedforeignequipment,itwasrealizedbychoosingitsownprocessanddevelopingitsownequipmentonthebasisoftheenterprise'sreferencetothetechnicalprinciplesoftheWesternstyle.Secondly,therewasagapofabouthalfacenturybetweentheimportationofzincrefiningknowledgeanditsindustrialapplication,andtheimportationofknowledgedidnotproduceimmediateresults,whichwasduetosomecomplexreasonsincludingChina'swell-establishedtraditionalzincrefiningtechnologicalsystem,themarket,andtechnicaleducation,etc.ThispaperprovidesthefirstoverviewofWesternzincrefiningknowledgeimportedintoChinainthemodernera,suggestsforthefirsttimethattheearliestweaterntechnologytobesuccessfullypracticedinChinawastheBelgianzincrefiningmethod,anddiscussestheprocessoftechnologicalselectionoftheShuikoushanWestern-styleZincRefineryandthefactorsthatinfluencedtheimplementationoftheknowledgeintopractice.
作者：陈书敏 方一兵 周文丽 Author：ChenShumin FangYibing ZhouWenli
作者单位：中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190;中国科学院大学,北京100049中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190
刊名：工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程
Journal：JournalofEngineeringStudies
年，卷(期)：2024, 16(3)
分类号：N91
关键词：近代江南制造局译书 炼锌 知识传入 水口山
Keywords：translatedbooksofKiangnanArsenal zincsmelting introductionofwesternknowledge Shuikoushan
机标分类号：K256.1C912.82J522
在线出版日期：2024年6月21日
基金项目：从知识传入到工业实践:近代江南制造局译书中的炼锌知识及在湖南水口山的早期应用[
期刊论文] 工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程--2024, 16(3)陈书敏 方一兵 周文丽由于锌的冶炼难度高,其冶炼技术在世界范围内出现较晚.我国虽是世界上较早掌握炼锌技术的国家,但近代西方炼锌技术后来居上,洋务派通过翻译西学书籍引进西方部分先进的技术知识,其中《金石识别》《宝藏兴焉》《矿学考质》三本...参考文献和引证文献
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从知识传入到工业实践:近代江南制造局译书中的炼锌知识及在湖南水口山的早期应用 From the Introduction of Western Knowledge to Industrial Practice:The Knowledge and Early Application of Zinc Smelting in the Translated Books of Kiangnan Arsenal
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