文档名：高空电磁脉冲晚期成分作用下500kV变压器无功损耗仿真研究
摘要：高空电磁脉冲晚期成分(HEMPE3)效应会在变压器中性点与大地构成的回路中产生地磁感应电流(GIC),严重时会使变压器铁心半波饱和,进而导致励磁电流严重畸变、无功损耗急剧增加、局部过热和振动加剧等后果.为准确地分析电力变压器在HEMPE3作用下的无功损耗特性,该文搭建了HEMPE3对500kV电力变压器作用的电磁暂态仿真模型,基于IEC61000-2-9给出的标准HEMPE3波形,定量分析了感应电场幅值、上升时间、下降时间以及变压器带负载情况等对电力变压器的影响规律.分析结果表明,HEMPE3作用下500kV变压器无功损耗与GIC呈正相关性,且无功损耗波形滞后于感应电场的变化;HEMPE3感应电场的下降时间对500kV变压器无功损耗的影响远超上升时间;负载阻抗的阻值相同时,容性负载下的励磁电流和无功损耗幅值最大,感性负载下幅值最小.研究结果可为进一步评估HEMPE3对电力系统稳定性的影响提供重要依据.
Abstract：Theeffectoflate-timehigh-altitudeelectromagneticpulses(HEMPE3)cangenerategeomagneticinducedcurrentsinthecircuitbetweentheearthandneutralpointsoftransformers.Inseriouscases,itmaymakethetransformercorehalf-cyclesaturated,resultinginseriousconsequences,likedistortionofexcitationcurrent,increaseofreactivepowerloss,hot-spotheatingandvibration.However,theexistingliteratureusuallyadoptedtheresultsundersteady-statedirectcurrentforE3impactassessment,andthedynamiccharacteristicsoftransformerunderE3waveformwerenotfullyconsidered.InordertoanalyzetheinfluenceofE3characteristics,suchashighmagnitudeandshortduration,thispaperbuildsanelectromagnetictransientmodelofa500kVtransformer.BasedonIEC61000-2-9standard,thispaperquantitativelyanalyzestheresultingvariationofexcitationcurrentandreactivepowerlossoftheWye-Delta-connectiontransformerunderHEMPE3,consideringtheamplitude,risingtime,fallingtimeoftheinducedgeoelectricfield,aswellastransformerloadtypeandotherfactors.TheactualHEMPE3inducedelectricfieldsareaffectedbythenon-uniformearthconductivityandcoasteffect,andthewaveformmaychangeconsiderably.Thus,thispapercalculatestheE3inducedelectricfieldundertheuniformearthmodelandthe1Dlayeredconductivitymodel.Theresultsshowthatfortherealisticearthconductivitymodels,theinducedgeoelectricfieldschangenotonlyinamplitudebutalsoinwaveform.Therefore,thispaperstudiestheinfluenceofpeakvalue,risetimeandfalltimeofE3inducedelectricfieldonreactivepowerlossof500kVtransformer.Toanalyzetheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldamplitude,thispaperselects0.5times,1time,2times,5timesand10timesoftheIECstandardwaveform,whichareimposedonthe100kmtransmissionlinerespectively.TheresultsshowthatastheamplitudeofE3electricfieldincreases,thereactivepowerlosswillbelarger.ItisworthnoticingthatthereexistsanupperlimitofreactivepowerlossunderHEMPE3,whichdependsontheaircoreinductancewhenthetransformerisdeeplysaturated.Fortherisetimeandfalltime,thispaperfocusesonthefirstwavepeakofHEMPE3.Theresultsshowsthatwhenthefalltimeofinducedelectricfielddecreasesby80.8%,thefalltimeofreactivepowerlossdecreasesby80.3%andtheamplitudedecreasesby20.3%;whereaswhentherisetimeofinducedelectricfielddecreasesby83.1%,therisetimeofreactivepowerlossdecreasesby44.3%,andtheamplitudeincreasesby7.3%.Therefore,thefallingtimeofHEMPE3hasfarmoreinfluenceonthereactivepowerlossofthetransformerthantherisingtime.InordertoanalyzetheinfluenceofloadtypesonthetransformerunderHEMPE3,threetypeswiththesameimpedancevalue,namely,resistance,inductanceandcapacitanceareappliedtothelow-voltageside.TheresultsshowthatwhenHEMPE3electricfieldisapplied,theexcitationcurrentandreactivepowerlossofthetransformeraredistortedtodifferentlevelswithdifferentloadtypes.Becauseofthedifferentphaseangleofloadimpedance,theamplitudeofreactivepowerlossisthelargestwithcapacitiveloadandthesmallestwithinductiveload.Besidesreactivepowerlosscharacteristicsstudiedabove,HEMPE3mayleadtransformertoharmonicdistortion,hot-spotheatingandvibration,whichwillbefurtherinvestigatedinfuturework.
作者：杨一帆 刘民周 谢彦召 陈宇浩 田爽 Author：YangYifan LiuMinzhou XieYanzhao ChenYuhao TianShuang
作者单位：电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学)西安710049西安热工研究院有限公司西安710054
刊名：电工技术学报
Journal：TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety
年，卷(期)：2024, 39(1)
分类号：TM41
关键词：变压器 地磁感应电流 高空电磁脉冲晚期成分 无功损耗
Keywords：Transformer geomagneticallyinducedcurrent late-timehigh-altitudeelectromagneticpulses reactivepowerloss
机标分类号：TM41TM772TE626.35
在线出版日期：2024年1月18日
基金项目：华能集团总部科技项目，教育部国家留学基金，中国科协优秀中外青年交流计划高空电磁脉冲晚期成分作用下500kV变压器无功损耗仿真研究[
期刊论文] 电工技术学报--2024, 39(1)杨一帆 刘民周 谢彦召 陈宇浩 田爽高空电磁脉冲晚期成分(HEMPE3)效应会在变压器中性点与大地构成的回路中产生地磁感应电流(GIC),严重时会使变压器铁心半波饱和,进而导致励磁电流严重畸变、无功损耗急剧增加、局部过热和振动加剧等后果.为准确地分析电力...参考文献和引证文献
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高空电磁脉冲晚期成分作用下500kV变压器无功损耗仿真研究 Simulation Research on Reactive Power Loss Characteristic of 500 kV Transformer under Late-Time High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulses
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