文档名：基于三状态PWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究
摘要：在电动汽车电驱动系统中,逆变器中的高频开关动作是产生开关损耗影响逆变器效率的主要因素,特别是为适应驱动电机高速化的趋势,不得不采用较高的开关频率,从而在低速时产生不必要的开关损耗,使逆变器效率偏低.因此,该文提出一种基于三状态脉冲宽度调制(TSPWM)的多模式调制策略来减少逆变器的开关损耗,提高全工况范围的逆变器效率.根据工况动态改变调制模式:在不同转速下采取变载频分段异步TSPWM;根据电机的相电流幅值动态地改变TSPWM不连续调制的钳位模式,使电流幅值较大的相保持在钳位状态以减小损耗.为了解决不同模式切换时相位突变导致电流或转矩冲击的问题,提出一种基于载波周期角度计算的电压矢量相位补偿算法,通过精确分析调制模式改变时刻对电压矢量角的影响,计算出切换后的补偿角度对空间电压矢量角进行补偿,从而实现不同模式的平滑切换.最后,通过算法仿真和电机实验验证了所提策略的有效性.结果表明,采用基于TSPWM的多模式调制策略的电机驱动系统,其逆变器效率得到了显著提升,且具有较小的共模电压.
Abstract：Two-levelinvertersarewidelyusedinvariablefrequencymotordrivesystemsofelectricvehicles.High-frequencyPWMmodulationtechnologycangeneratehigh-frequencyandhighamplitudecommonmodevoltageintheinverter,whichwillendangerthenormaloperationofthemotor.Especiallyatlowspeeds,usingtraditionalfixedswitchingfrequencyasynchronousmodulationPWMwillresultinhighswitchinglosseswithlowoutputpowerandinverterefficiency.Therefore,amulti-modemodulationstrategyisproposedbasedonTSPWM(Tri-StatePWM).ByimprovingtheTSPWMmodulationalgorithmandadoptingasegmentedvariablecarrierwaveratiomodulationstrategy,theinverterefficiencyofthemotordrivesystemissignificantlyimproved,andthecommonmodevoltageisreduced.Firstly,theTSPWMalgorithm,whichusesthreeswitchstatestosynthesizethereferencevoltageineachPWMcycle,reducesthenumberofswitchingactionsbyone-third.Secondly,selecttheclampingphaseaccordingtotheamplitudeofthecurrent,increasetheoverlaptimebetweenthemaximumcurrentandtheinactivityoftheswitchingdevice,andreducetheswitchinglossoftheinverter.Thirdly,consideringthesystemefficiencyandcurrentwaveformquality,thecarrierfrequencyisoptimizedatdifferentspeedranges.Moreover,basedonthecalculationofcarrierperiodangle,aphaseanglecompensationalgorithmofthevoltagevectorisproposedtoavoidthecurrentshockwhenthemodulationmodeisswitched.Byaccuratelyanalyzingtheimpactofchangingthemodulationmodeonthevoltagevectorangle,thecompensationangleafterswitchingiscalculatedandcompensatedtothereferencespacevoltageangle,thusachievingsmoothswitchingofdifferentmodes.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthecommon-modevoltageofTSPWMinaPWMperiodisone-thirdofthatofSVPWM,whetherthevoltagevectorisinahighorlowmodulationratioregion.Usingthemaximumcurrentphaseclampingtechnique,theclampingphaseispreciselythephasewiththemaximumphasecurrent,andthevertexpositionofthecurrentamplitudeisinthemiddleoftheclampingregion.Thesimulationresultsshowthattheanglecompensationalgorithmofthevoltagevectorcanachieveasmoothtransitionoftheangleofthevoltagevectorduringthecarrierfrequencyswitchingprocess.Throughtheexperimentalresultsofthemulti-modemodulationstrategybasedonTSPWMatdifferentswitchingfrequencies,thecurrentwaveformoscillationwithoutanglecompensationissignificant,andabout9%oftorquerippleisdetectedduringthemodulationmodeswitching.Thecurrentwaveformusinganglecompensationhasnoimpactontheswitchingprocess,andthetorquefluctuationcollectedbythesystemislessthan2%,whichverifiesthefeasibilityoftheswitchingstrategybasedonanglecompensation.ComparedwiththetraditionalSVPWMalgorithm,theproposedmulti-modemodulationalgorithmbasedonTSPWMcanincreasethemaximumefficiencyoftheinverterbyabout10%,andtheoverallefficiencyoftheinvertercanbeimprovedbyanaverageof5%.Thehigh-efficiencyarea,wheretheinverterefficiencyis95%ormore,hasincreasedby40.1%.Thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnthroughsimulationandexperiments.(1)ComparedwiththetraditionalSVPWMstrategy,thispaperoptimizestheswitchingfrequencyatdifferentspeedsandadoptsTSPWMtoreducethenumberofswitchingactions,significantlyreducingtheswitchinglossandimprovingtheefficiencyoftheinverter.(2)Theswitchinglosscanbefurtherreducedbydynamicallychangingtheclampingmodeaccordingtothemagnitudeofthephasecurrent.(3)TheanglecompensationalgorithmofthevoltagevectoreffectivelyovercomesthevoltagephasehoppingprobleminthePWMmodulationmodeswitchingtorealizethesmoothtransition.(4)Theproposedalgorithmcanalsoreducethepeak-to-peakvalueofhigh-frequencycommonmodevoltageinonePWMcycle.Therefore,itissuitableforsmallandmedium-sizedinverterswitha100kWorlesspoweroutput,representedbyelectricvehicledrivesystems.
作者：夏衍 孙立鹏 李军伟 李强 陆海峰 Author：XiaYan SunLipeng LiJunwei LiQiang LuHaifeng
作者单位：山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院淄博255049潍柴动力股份有限公司潍坊261001清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系北京100084
刊名：电工技术学报
Journal：TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety
年，卷(期)：2024, 39(4)
分类号：TM921
关键词：三状态脉冲宽度调制(TSPWM) 多模式调制 分段变载波比调制 共模电压 电机驱动 电动汽车
Keywords：Tri-statePWM(TSPWM) multi-modemodulation piecewisevariablecarrierwaveratiomodulation commonmodevoltage motordrive electricvehicle
机标分类号：TM301.2U469.72TM464
在线出版日期：2024年3月5日
基金项目：清华大学-潍柴动力智能制造联合研究院资助项目，清华大学-潍柴动力智能制造联合研究院资助项目基于三状态PWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究[
期刊论文] 电工技术学报--2024, 39(4)夏衍 孙立鹏 李军伟 李强 陆海峰在电动汽车电驱动系统中,逆变器中的高频开关动作是产生开关损耗影响逆变器效率的主要因素,特别是为适应驱动电机高速化的趋势,不得不采用较高的开关频率,从而在低速时产生不必要的开关损耗,使逆变器效率偏低.因此,该文...参考文献和引证文献
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